A detailed anatomical model of a human kidney placed on a table, with a healthcare professional in the background talking on the phone, surrounded by small bottles of various liquids.

Kidney Stones

Stones form from minerals in the urine and can block urine flow, causing severe pain.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Sudden severe flank or abdominal pain

  • Nausea/vomiting

  • Blood in urine

  • Urinary urgency or frequency

  • Painful urination

Risk Factors

  • Dehydration

  • High salt or protein diet

  • Family history of kidney stones

  • Certain metabolic disorders

Treatment Options

  • Pain control and hydration

  • Medications to facilitate passage (e.g., tamsulosin)

  • Lithotripsy or ureteroscopy

  • Preventive strategies (dietary, medication)

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