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Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer occurs when the cells in the bladder become abnormal and grow out of control. Over time, a tumor forms. Cancer can spread to your nearby lymph nodes or organs. It can spread to your bones, lungs, or liver. Bladder cancer is rare, accounting for 5% of all new cancers in the US.

Signs and Symptoms

Some common symptoms of bladder cancer may include:

  • Blood in urine (often painless)

  • Frequent urination

  • Painful urination

  • Pelvic or back pain (in later stages)

Risk Factors

  • Smoking

  • Exposure to industrial chemicals

  • Older age (typically >55)

  • Male sex

  • Family or personal history of bladder cancer

Treatment Options

  • Surgical resection (TURBT or cystectomy)

  • Intravesical therapy (e.g., BCG)

  • Chemotherapy or immunotherapy

  • Radiation therapy

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